Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Theologies

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The image is by Jasmine Corowa and is an encapsulating statement of Rainbow Spirit theology (see reference below).

It is more than common to see reference to indigenous Christian theologies as “only focused on one issue,” i.e., framed only by colonial histories, meaning that local theologies continue to focus on the West as the key defining framework by which all other theologies are to be determined. This is simply false. Indigenous Christian theologies advance Christian theology itself in constructive ways. Below is simply representative of some concerns within Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander theologies.


Alimardanian, Mahnaz. “‘The demon is growing with sins, but there are angels around’: Bundjalung Pentecostalism as Faith and Paradox,” in Australian Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements: Arguments From the Margins, edited by Cristina Rocha, Mark Hutchinson, and Kathleen Openshaw, 257–73. Netherlands: BRILL, 2020.

Bretherton, Di, and David Mellor. “Reconciliation between Aboriginal and Other Australians: The ‘Stolen Generations’.” Journal of Social Issues 62, no. 1 (2006): 81–98.

Brett, Mark G. “Feeling for Country: Interpreting the Old Testament in the Australian Context.” Pacifica 23, no. 2 (2010): 137–56.

Brett, Mark G. “Postcolonial Ecumenism and Its Multiple Contexts of Solidarity.” In Indigenous Australia and the Unfinished Business of Theology: Cross-Cultural Engagement, edited by Jione Havea, 17–24. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

Budden, Chris. “Exploring Contextual Theology in Australia in Dialogue With Indigenous People.” International Journal of Public Theology 2, no. 3 (2008): 292–312.

Budden, Chris. Following Jesus in Invaded Space: Doing Theology on Aboriginal Land. James Clarke & Co, 2011.

Deverell, Garry Worete. Gondwana Theology: A Trawloolway Man Reflects on Christian Faith. Reservoir, Victoria: Morning Star, 2018.

Djiniyini, Terry. “Aboriginal Christianity: Based on Indigenous Theology.” Nelen Yubu 18 (1984): 30–36.

Dodson, Patrick L., Jacinta K. Elston, and Brian F. McCoy. “Leaving Culture at the Door: Aboriginal Perspectives on Christian Belief and Practice.” Pacifica 19, no. 3 (2006): 249–62.

Dyck, Jonathan, and Cornelius A. Buller. “Mapping the Land: Toward an Aboriginal Biblical Theology of Land.” Journal of NAIITS 2 (2004): 53–69.

Edwards, Denis. “Apprentices in Faith to the Aboriginal View of the Land.” Compass Theology Review 20, no. 1 (1986): 23–31.

Gilbert, Kevin. “God at the Campfire and That Christ Fella.” In Aboriginal Spirituality: Past, Present and Future, edited by Anne Pattel-Gray, 54–65. Blackburn: Harper Collins, 1996.

Gondarra, Djiniyini. “Aporiginal Spirituality and the Gospel.” In Aboriginal Spirituality: Past, Present and Future, edited by Anne Pattel-Gray, 41–53. Blackburn: Harper Collins, 1996.

Gondarra, Djiniyini. Series of Reflections of Aboriginal Theology: Four Reflections Based on Church Renewal, Christian Theology of the Land, Contextualization and Unity. Darwin: Bethel Presbytery, Northern Synod of the Uniting Church in Australia, 1986.

Goosen, Gideon C. “Christian and Aboriginal Interface in Australia.” Theological Studies 60, no. 1 (1999): 72–94.

Harris, Charles. “Guidelines for So-called Western Civilisation and Western Christianity.” In Aboriginal Spirituality: Past, Present and Future, edited by Anne Pattel-Gray, 66–78. Blackburn: Harper Collins, 1996.

Havea, Jione. Indigenous Australia and the Unfinished Business of Theology: Cross-Cultural Engagement. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

Hume, Lynne. “Delivering the Word the Aboriginal Way: The Genesis of an Australian Aboriginal Theology.” Colloquium 25, no. 2 (1993): 86–95.

Hut, Janneke. “In Search of Affirmed Aboriginality as Christian: ‘If you do not walk on the tracks of your grandparents, you will get lost…’.” Exchange 41, no. 1 (2012): 19–43.

Kenny, Robert. The Lamb Enters the Dreaming: Nathanael Pepper and the Ruptured World. Scribe Publications, 2010.

Lewis, Peter. “After Sorry: Towards a New Covenant of Solidarity and Embrace.” Pacifica 22, no. 1 (2009): 1–19.

Loos, Noel. White Christ, Black Cross. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, 2007.

Minniecon, Ray. “Indigenous Theology: The Australian Experience—Where is the Starting Point.” Journal of NAIITS 14 (2016): 23–31.

Nicoll, Fiona. “Reconciliation in and out of Perspective: White Knowing, Seeing, Curating and Being at Home in and against Indigenous Sovereignty,” In Whitening Race: Essays in Social and Cultural Criticism, edited by Aileen Moreton-Robinson, Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, 2005.

Parkin, Evelyn. “The Sources and Resources of Our Indigenous Theology: An Australian Aboriginal Perspective.” Ecumenical Review 62, no. 4 (2010): 390–98.

Patrick, Wolfe. “On Being Woken Up: The Dreamtime in Anthropology and in Australian Settler Culture.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 33, no. 2 (1991): 197–224.

Pattel-Gray, Anne, and Garry W. Trompf. “Styles of Australian Aboriginal and Melanesian Theology.” International Review of Mission 82 (1993): 137–88.

Pattel-Gray, Anne, and John Percival Brown, eds. Indigenous Australia: A Dialogue about the Word Becoming Flesh in Aboriginal Churches, Geneva: World Council of Churches, 1997.

Pattel-Gray, Anne, ed. Aboriginal Spirituality: Past, Present and Future, Blackburn: Harper Collins, 1996.

Pattel-Gray, Anne. “Methodology in an Aboriginal Theology,” In The Cambridge Companion to Black Theology, edited by Dwight N. Hopkins, and Edward P. Antonio, 278–97. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

Pattel-Gray, Anne. The Great White Flood: Racism in Australia: Critically Appraised from an Aboriginal Historico-Theological Viewpoint. Oxford University Press, 1998.

Pattel-Gray, Anne. Through Aboriginal Eyes: The Cry From the Wilderness. Geneva, Switzerland: WCC Publications, 1991.

Paulson, Graham, and Mark G. Brett. “Five Smooth Stones: Reading the Bible through Aboriginal Eyes.” Colloquium 45, no. 2 (2013): 199–214.

Paulson, Graham. “The Legacy of Mission: Australian Aboriginal Christians Searching for a Contextualised Theology.” South Pacific Journal of Mission Studies 1, no. 2 (1990): 10–11.

Paulson, Graham. “Towards an Aboriginal Theology.” Pacifica 19, no. 3 (2006): 310–20.

Rainbow Spirit Elders. Rainbow Spirit Theology: Toward an Australian Aboriginal Theology. ATF Press, 2007.

Skye, Lee Miena. “Australian Aboriginal Catholic Women Seek Wholeness: Hearts Are Still Burning.” Pacifica 19, no. 3 (2006): 283–307.

Skye, Lee Miena. “Australian Aboriginal Women’s Christologies,” In Hope Abundant: Third World and Indigenous Women’s Theology, edited by Pui-lan Kwok, 194–202. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2010.

Skye, Lee Miena. “How Australian Aboriginal Tiddas (Sisters) Theologians Deal With the Threat of Genocide.” Feminist Theology 23, no. 2 (2015): 128–42.

Skye, Lee Miena. “The Spirit of God: The Centre for Australian Aboriginal Christian Women.” In Seeking the Centre: 2001 Australian International Religion, Literature and the Arts Conference Proceedings, edited by Colette Rayment, and Mark Levon Byrne, 265–75. Sydney: RLA Press, 2002.

Spencer, Tracy. “Getting off the Verandah: Contextual Australian Theology In-land.” Pacifica 19, no. 3 (2006): 323–41.

Thompson, David, and Michael Connolly. “Clapsticks and Karaoke: The Melting Pot of Indigenous Identity.” Pacifica 19, no. 3 (2006): 344–55.

Wilcken, John. “Christology and Aboriginal Religious Traditions.” The Australasian Catholic Record 75, no. 2 (1998): 184–94.

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